you are
probably familiar with Bluetooth technology . You use it to transfer files
between your smartphone and tablet, connect speakers and headphones, or pair a
mouse or wireless keyboard with your computer. But do you know what Bluetooth
is and why it has that strange name? Simply put, Bluetooth is a short-range
wireless communication technology , which uses radio waves to transmit
information, just like wifi . But while the latter operates on semi-permanent
and long-distance networks, Bluetooth is more limited than that.
The origin
of the name is cooler. The word Bluetooth comes from the epithet for the Danish
king Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson , who in the 10th century united the
Danish peoples into one kingdom. Like him, Bluetooth technology was designed to
pair wireless devices. The logo is even inspired by the Nordic runes . But
exactly why was it named after Gormsson?
The strange
name of Bluetooth
You need to
go back to 1996, when Nirvana reigned on the radio, Pokémon were everywhere
(and still are), Bill Clinton was re-elected, and the Yankees won the World
Series. A group of experts met in Lund, Sweden, at an Ericsson plant, to
develop new short-range technologies. The group included professionals from
Intel, Nokia, Ericsson, among others, according to the version of Jim Kardach ,
Intel's former chief energy architect.
According to
Kardach's account, together with Ericsson's Sven Mathesson, they had made a
presentation on a business trip to Toronto and that night they headed to a pub.
“Being a huge fan of history, we exchanged stories with Sven. He knew a lot
about radios, but not so much about history, but he had read Frans G.
Bengtsson's Longships . In this book, a couple of Danish warriors travel the
world in search of adventure, and the king during this time was Harald
Bluetooth, ”Kardach wrote.
The former
Intel professional searched for the peculiar name and later discovered that
Bluetooth united Denmark and Christianized the Danes. It seemed like an ideal name
for a technology that would link devices in short-range radio transmissions.
But code names are just that and product names are often boring. The group
finally chose PAN stands for Personal Area Network or Personal Area Network .
Kardach
recalled that “a week later, an emergency meeting was called. The other member
companies looked to see if the word PAN was a registered trademark, thinking it
was unlikely to happen. An internet search yielded tens of thousands of
results, and a trademark search was not conducted with the second alternative,
Radio Wire . The only name we could launch with was Bluetooth. ”
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How does
Bluetooth work?
Bluetooth
sends information via ultra high frequency radio waves and operates within the
Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio bands. It works between the 2.4
and 2.485 GHz frequencies, like many Wi-Fi devices , which can create
interference when both technologies run simultaneously.
While Wi-Fi
works asymmetrically (with a single access point and multiple devices),
Bluetooth works symmetrically, with one device connected to another. Although
up to eight devices can be linked in a personal area network (PAN), in the case
of smartphones, it generally involves connecting two earphones or a speaker.
Unlike
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth connections do not need a data packet to operate either,
because it does not require any service to transmit information. Bluetooth is
exclusively a data transmission between devices, without intermediaries.
Bluetooth
normally operates over short distances to save energy. Although it may work
within a range of 100 meters (109 yards), it is not very common, as most
devices generally operate within 10 meters (10.9 yards) of each other.
To avoid
spying, Bluetooth uses an adaptive frequency hopping spread spectrum, which
automatically changes the radio frequency up to 1,600 times per second. The
transmitted data is divided into packets and then sent through the randomly selected
channels, avoiding the busy ones. This is an aspect that has been improved
through successive generations of Bluetooth technology.
What does
Bluetooth use?
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Although
originally designed for a specific purpose, Bluetooth is currently used on all
types of devices to send data over short distances. Your wireless speaker or
headphones communicate with your phone or home control center using Bluetooth
technology. If your car is recent, it probably offers this connectivity for the
sound system.
Most laptops
come equipped with Bluetooth to make it easier to connect wireless peripherals
like keyboards , mice, and in some cases printers and scanners. Desktop ones
sometimes have it too, but chances are they need a dongle or USB adapter .
The game
consoles use this technology for wireless connections, but only supports
Bluetooth devices PS4 third party natively .
Recently,
Internet of Things (IoT) devices have started to support this technology.
Keeping them connected to a central hub or mobile device can be a low-power
way. However, it is likely that they are connected to your Wi-Fi network,
especially if they are powered through an electrical outlet.
Bluetooth
versions
Bluetooth
was conceptually conceived in the late 1980s to create wireless headphones, but
it wasn't until 1994 that it materialized by a team at Ericsson, led by Dr.
Jaap Haartsen.
It would
take four years for the Bluetooth Special Interest Group to complete the
specifications for Bluetooth-compatible devices. Initially made up of five
companies - Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba - today it is made up of
more than 30,000.
Bluetooth
1.0 was repeated as 1.0a and 1.0b in 1999 to correct minor problems, and again
as version 1.0b + CE in 2000. The first Bluetooth-equipped cell phones, PC
cards, and laptops arrived that same year. More products would follow in the
years to come, including the highly anticipated hearing aids that had inspired
their development.
The
Bluetooth 2.0 standard came in 2004 and introduced the improved data rate,
which improved transfer rates up to 3 megabits per second. It also reduced
energy needs, a permanent goal for future generations.
Bluetooth
3.0 again improved speeds in 2009, increasing rates to 24 megabits per second.
However, both this version and its successor, Bluetooth 4.0, took advantage of
the 802.11 standard (generally used in Wi-Fi) for faster transfers.
The biggest
update came with version 4.2: Bluetooth Low Energy. Currently, most smartphones
are compliant with the standard and allow similar coverage and bandwidth, and
also significantly reduced the power needs to transmit data, by 50 to 10,000
percent, depending on the type of use. . This was designed not only to reduce
the Bluetooth demands of controlled devices, but also to make it easier for
speakers, fitness watches, and other smart devices to work longer between
charges.
Bluetooth 5
arrived in 2016 with improved security and greater flexibility of speed and
range. Bluetooth 5.1 was introduced in late January 2019 and added a function
to detect the physical location of the devices, which would also serve to
display relevant content on information screens in public spaces.
